Analysis Of Stanley Hoffman s Duties Beyond Borders On...

Stanley Hoffman, the author of Duties beyond Borders: On the Limits and Possibilities of Ethical International Relations (1981), has said, â€Å"†¦ morality is not merely a matter of ends or intentions, and that the likely consequences of acts must be taken into account. †¦ [A] morality that relies exclusively on expected, calculated outcomes is not acceptable either†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This book is one of many books what I am surveying now for my current research work which is roughly entitled â€Å"Evaluating the Possibility of Co-existence of Utilitarianism and Kantianism in Development and Environmental Ethical Decision-making.† As indicated by the title, this work tries to explore the avenue that would allow these two theories to exist together. Here, the purpose of using the phrase ‘to exist together’ is to indicate that, rather than denying utilitarian and Kantian ethical theories completely, this approach concerns with the lessening of the distance be tween them by relying on some fundamental moral principles as well as maximizing morally desirable outcomes in the spheres of development and environment. In brief, my research deals with the contributions of utilitarianism and Kantianism in the ethical decision-making process of development and environment to suggest that neither approach is sufficient that, in consequence, will indicate a possible way of their co-existence. In the preceding paragraph, I, instead of offering an introduction of my research interests and aspirations, have presented aShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmoney From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesPrentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. ii Permission to reprint these has been obtained by Pearson Custom Publishing for this edition only. Further reproduction by anyRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesVICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/WestfordRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesMBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, ThirdRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Attitude towards Advertising - 2215 Words

Attitude towards advertising Attitude is the best evaluation tools towards objects, people, and issues (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, 2008). In the simplest way, attitude is a mindset that enables to affect a person behavior or their action on a certain situation, which the actions are based on their past experiences. While, it can also understand as the individual responses are affected by their attitudes; and their attitudes are organized by the experiences (Pickens, 2009). In addition, attitude is also known as hypothetical constructs because it cannot directly be observed. However, some specific indirect indicators such as verbal expressions can be used to measure the attitudes (Zikmund, Babin, Carr, Griffin, 2010). Therefore, there are several statements are used to measure the attitudes (Pollay Mittal, 1993). Attitude towards advertising is a crucial concept as it is able to affect the advertisements effectively (Lutz, 1985; Mehta and Purvis, 1995; Mehta, 2000); meanwhile it can influence the perspective of a consumer to an advertisement (Mehta, 2000). For instance, a respondent’s favorable or unfavorable responses can be measured through the attitude towards advertising (MacKenzie Lutz, 1989). In the past studies, there are many researchers reported unfavorable attitude towards advertising (Alwitt Prabhaker, 1994; Mittal, 1994); and there is also a study stated that during 1960s and 1970s, there is a negative trend about the public attitude towards advertisingShow MoreRelatedInfluences of Advertising to Consumer Attitude Towards Buying a Product4796 Words   |  20 PagesTHESIS STATEMENT Advertisements are lifeline of companies. It persuades customers to buy their product. Everyone can use advertisements but they must obey the law. There are many types of advertisement that can influence consumer’s attitude to buy a product. The researchers think that TV ad is the most influential type of advertisement because most people watch TV and unlike other advertisements TV ad has the ability to convey your message with sight, sound, and motion. they more accurate to influenceRead MoreInternet Marketing Relevance and Consumer Attitudes toward Internet Advertising1245 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumer attitudes toward Internet Advertisement. The analysis is based on a consumer survey conducted in India as well as other countries. For this purpose, a representative quota sample of Internet users in India has been interviewed. The finding of this study provides marketers with an understanding of consumers, their attitude toward advertising, so designers and marketers can b etter strategize their advertising designs. Internet advertising, aka Web advertising or online advertising, is a fastRead MoreConsumer vs. Physicians Attitudes Toward Health Products Advertising2806 Words   |  12 PagesConsumer vs. Physicians attitudes toward health products advertising Nowadays many advertisements of health products are placed on many satellite channels. These health products include medications. Accordingly, consumers may perceive these ads in a way that differs from physicians and each would have different attitudes. Previous studies have shown that physicians generally would be opposed to health care advertising for a number of reasons. For example, doctors might feel that medical professionalsRead MoreEffect Of Advertising On Society Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesTalking about advertising, on the one hand, it is good for its functions, displays, etc.; on the other hand, sometimes it is too good to be true, the way they bring the messages to the consumers which state â€Å"the number one †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . What truly are the miscommunications and how do the viewers react to different types of stimulation among those, are there negative or positive results? This review of literature scope was led by the following question: When it comes to commun ication and advertising are there positiveRead MoreSocial Psychologists And The Human Information Processing System1632 Words   |  7 Pages(Markus, 1977). It has been argued that advertising over the past decade has not presented a realistic view of women and their roles in society. The controversy over the portrayal of women in advertising continues today. Increasingly, women are taking on a broader role in society. For example, with more than half of Canadian women working outside the home it would be ethically sound and make marketing sense to depict women more accurately in advertising. However, as we enter this new decade, thereRead MoreMarketing Research Topics1249 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven: Topics for Research in Marketing The effects of pharmaceutical dispensing pattern on consumer store patronage Table turnover augmentation: variables affecting the time spent in dining experience A comparative study on application of advertising through cell phone framework among various types of goods and services Market entry strategy in an emerging market using Country of Origin information Impact of brand awareness on consumer/brand loyalty: A study of packages milk brands CharacteristicsRead MoreStakeholder Analysis : Business Analysis1384 Words   |  6 Pages Munusamy and Wong argue that advertising has become one of the important elements in our modern life (Munusamy and Wong). According to the most recent forecast of US advertising spending, eMarketer expects US advertisers to spend $171.01 billion on paid media this year, up 3.6% over 2012 spending levels (US Total Media Ad Spend Inches Up, Pushed by Digital - EMarketer.). Besides, the increasing concern from the businessmen who spend a lot of money on advertising, there are also a rising numberRead MoreUse Of Offensiveness And Offensive Advertising On The Arab World Muslim Dominated Country1634 Words   |  7 PagesThis research investigates the nature of offensiveness and offensive advertising from the viewpoint of the millennial youth in Egypt (an Arab world Muslim dominated country). It aims to understand what these youth reflections on religiosity are and whether they affects their views o n what is considered to be offensive in advertising. The problem of offensive advertising and religiosity is that they are highly subjective issues where even youth that come from the same culture, demographics and ideologiesRead MoreProviding a Theoretical and Practical Guidance for Fear Appeal Advertising1672 Words   |  7 Pages1. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical and practical guidance for fear appeal advertising. This research will do so by using the predictions of the Ordered Protection Motivation model to improve the effectiveness of threat appeals and studying it in an anti-smoking communications. Previous research into this area has been flawed by a number of improper assumptions therefore leaving a weak theoretical base and a need for more practical guidance. For this research, the levelRead MoreHow Music Is Used For Advertising1524 Words   |  7 PagesHow Music is Used in Commercials Now adays and before music is an important factor in media advertising. As media is tool for advertising and it reaches to many users and customers music can play very significant role. And music serve the general promotion targets in business. Jingle music is very common technique for aiding the ad. Most of popular companies in globe are very succesfull because of using Jingle music in their ads. A very good jingle attracts the consumer s attention and makes

Marketing Strategies for Low Income Consumers Unilever free essay sample

In 1957 OMO, the countries first detergent, was launched and grew to be Unilever’s most successful brand commanding 52% of the market share. Completing the detergent portfolio are Minerva, which is sold as both soap and detergent powder and Campeiro, their price based brand. Together the Unilever portfolio commands 81% of the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategies for Low Income Consumers Unilever or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Upon review of the company’s strategic options positive economic forces in Brazil have presented Unilever with the viable option of pursuing the low income consumer market. Currently their price based brand Campeiro is priced affordably but does not meet low income needs for perceived product attributes and as such only retains 6% of the market. Management are concerned this presents a chink in Unilever’s armour presenting an opportunity for Proctor and Gamble to attack and grow in this segment. Unilever had fallen victim to this strategy in India whereby a low priced detergent â€Å"Nirma† was developed and targeted at low income consumers and quickly gained 48% of the market. 3 2 Brazil Brazil is a country with a population of approximately 170m. It’s predominately split into two regions, the northeast with a population of 48m and the southeast with a population of 73m. The northeast and the southeast regions vary greatly with regards to a number of issues related to the detergent and soap markets. Firstly income and education levels vary, as do cultural values and norms. A Pest analysis of the North East can highlight some of the implications of these differences. Political – N/A Economic – Brazil is said to have experienced cycles of recessions and recoveries over the past 30 years. The country made a significant economic leap with the Plano Real which saw the introduction of a new currency, the Reais which controlled inflation leading to a boom that particularly benefitted low income consumers boosting their purchasing power by 27%. However, while Brazil’s per capita income was â‚ ¬4420, this was significantly lower in North Eastern Brazil at â‚ ¬2250 reflecting the developmental and economic divide between North and South. Socio-Cultural – The illiteracy levels in North Eastern Brazil are high above the national average at 40% which will impact communication and promotional strategies.

The Comparison of the Roman and the U.S. Senate

Historians often tend to draw parallels between Ancient Rome and the United States since these countries can be compared in terms of their geopolitical, cultural and economic importance. Moreover, their political and legal systems are often compared. This paper is aimed at examining the similarities and differences between Roman and the U.S. Senate. First of all, one should mention that the institutions have to be responsible for limiting the power of political leaders.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Comparison of the Roman and the U.S. Senate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Yet, it is necessary to keep in mind that the U.S. Senate is much more inclusive because this institution does not deny a person the right to membership on the basis of gender or income level. Moreover, the responsibilities of these organizations differ in many ways. These are the questions that should be discussed more closely. It sho uld be kept in mind that the Founding Fathers were partly inspired by the Ancient Rome, especially its Republican Period (Meckler 146). There are some important differences that can be identified. First of all, the Roman Senate acted as the system of checks and balances that could prevent the state from taking irrational steps (Meckler 146). In particular, they had to limit the authority of consuls who could be regarded as the most important political leaders in the Ancient Rome. Similar role is played by the U.S Senate since it has to make sure that the President of the United States does not take any irrational steps. For instance, this organization has a right to start an impeachment trial provided that the President cannot meet the performance standards that are set for this post (Murphy 10). This is one of the most crucial similarities that should be taken into account. Another important issue is the ability of the Senate to control public finances. This is one of the tasks tha t the Roman Senate had to cope with (Meckler 146). In turn, the U.S Senate has the authority to influence the economic development of the country and governmental expenditures. Therefore, it is possible to say that in some cases these institutions perform the same functions. This is one of the reasons why historians draw parallels between these institutions. Much attention should also be paid to such an aspect as the legislative role of these institutions. The Roman Senate was responsible for passing degrees. However, these decrees did not have an immediate legal status. In other words, they could propose a change in the legislation, but this proposal had to be accepted by the Roman Assemblies (Byrd 180). This is one of the main distinctions that should be singled out.Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from that, the Roman Senate was more responsible for interpreting the existing l aws and precedents, rather than introducing new ones. This is one of the main aspects that can be identified. The functioning of the U.S. Senate also has similar aspects. In particular, the authority of this social institution can be limited by the House of Representatives. Additionally, this organization cannot introduce laws that contradict the Constitution of the United States. Therefore, the U.S. Senate cannot be viewed as the sole source of legislature. Therefore, the political system of the Ancient Rome was used as an example by American leaders who designed the government of the country. Yet, it is possible to identify several importance differences between these institutions. First of all, one can point out that the U.S. Senate is more inclusive, since its rules allow the membership of both men and women. In contrast, the Roman Senate permitted only male citizens (Burgan 90). Therefore, one should not suppose that this institution represented the views of the entire Roman po pulation. Additionally, Roman senators held life-time positions, while American legislators have to be re-elected. Certainly, these people can also occupy these positions for a long time, but they can do it only through election. This is one of the crucial distinctions that should be considered since American senators are much more accountable to the citizens of the country. There are other differences that should not be overlooked. In particular, Roman senators had to meet certain property requirements in order to be eligible for this post (Burgan 90). In contrast, American legislators do not have to comply with such standards. In other words, the Roman Senate can be perceived as a class-based institution. However, one has to admit that American senators are usually well-to-do people. Still, it is possible to argue that modern American Senate is much more inclusive. This is one of its major characteristics. Apart from that, the Roman Senate was responsible for the investigation of many crimes. For instance, they had to examine such cases as poisoning, treason, murder, and treason (Byrd 180). In contrast, the U.S Senate does not have to cope with such tasks. Admittedly, they can start an impeachment trial, but they do investigate criminal cases. This difference should not be disregarded by people who compare the Ancient Rome and the United States. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that in the course of its development, Ancient Rome underwent many important changes. Moreover, the role of Senate did not remain the same in the course of several centuries. For example, during the Imperial Period, the importance of this institution declined dramatically. This trend began to manifest itself since the time of Augustus (Farazmand 20).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Comparison of the Roman and the U.S. Senate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This issue should not be overlooked should not be overlooked by historians because social institutions do not remain static. Finally, it is not permissible to judge social institutions according to the standards of the modern time. For example, at the time of the Roman Republic, it was virtually unthinkable for policy-makers to enable women to act as legislators. It is possible to say that American political system is more egalitarian. Nonetheless, one can still argue that the ideals of the Ancient Rome inspired many of American politicians. Furthermore, during the period of Antiquity, the very existence of the Roman Senate was an important breakthrough in the social development of Europe. This discussion suggests that the comparison between Rome and the United States should be examined very critically. First of all, these organizations can be perceived as system of checks and balances that should limit the authority of political leaders. Furthermore, one should not forget about the control of public finances. Nevertheless, it is vital to remember that the U.S. Senate is far more inclusive, than its Roman counterpart. More importantly, the authority of the American senators is much more limited, because they have to be re-elected. They are more accountable to the citizens to the citizens. These are the main issues that should be identified. Works Cited Byrd, Robert. The Senate of the Roman Republic: Addresses on the History of  Roman Constitutionalism, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1995. Print. Burgan, Michael. Empire of Ancient Rome, New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009. Print. Farazmand, Ali. Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, New York: CRC Press, 2001. Print.Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Murphy, John. The Impeachment Process, London: Infobase Publishing, 2007. Print. Meckler, Michael. Classical Antiquity and the Politics of America: From George  Washington to George W. Bush, Waco: Baylor University Press, 2006. Print. This report on The Comparison of the Roman and the U.S. Senate was written and submitted by user Charlie Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.