Construction of femininity Essay

The very titles of the two plays, Gertrude, The Cry and Ophelia Thinks Harder offer the justification for the assumption that the focal topic is identified with a lady. Besides, in the light of postmodernism one may assume to peruse the revisionary approach on the woman’s question. Presently when Gertrude and Ophelia have become the prime examples, their perusing in the postmodernist works gives the likelihood to comprehend the standards of the most recent propensities of the writing. The play communicates the cutting edge comprehension of Hamlet by illuminating the subjects that were left perplexing by Shakespeare. Perusing the originals in the advanced adjustments permit a superior comprehension of postmodernism. The study’s center is the portrayals of Shakespearean Hamlet ladies in the cutting edge plays. In spite of a progression of transgressive types of language in both scholarly pieces (specifically in Barker’s), the frank satire on the first play, the attention on the issue and the environment of womanliness show up near unique Shakespeare. The environment around gentility in the two plays appear to be increasingly real to the saints of unique Hamlet that for instance in the portrayals of nineteenth [1] century when the womanliness was a religion and the gentility of Ophelia was the pure model. Is it the virtuoso of Shakespeare to make a play that appears to have continually the need to be revealed? Is it crafted by poststructuralist logicians that impacted the postmodern creators to re-comprehend the ladies in Shakespeare’s writing? Has the direness of reevaluating of the female job through reexamining the gentility at long last discovered its appropriate appearance in the fiction? Obviously, Gertrude and Ophelia speak to various and now and then an incredible inverse female sorts. Gertrude is in her development while Ophelia is in her adolescence. This distinction offers the chance to examine the entire image of gentility on various levels. To make the image total, the two creators present new ladylike characters. All together not to obscure Gertrude, Barker precludes Ophelia in his adjustment; anyway he presents Isola, Claudius mother and Ragusa, some place at Ophelia’s place. With respect to Betts, there are Maid and Virgin Mary; anyway the plot is framed in a route that to the furthest limit of the play there are more female characters than male. Gertrude and Ophelia characters represent the unceasing issues that ladies are confronting. Diverse as they may be, they generally combine. Also, the investigation of them two is important for this course of exertion to carry the responses to the inquiries raised previously. The philosophical discussions over essentialism and womanliness, the issues of sexual orientation, the reconsidering of its ontological development, the post-structuralism and the deconstruction have been generally presented throughout the twentieth century [2]. In spite of the fact that, they have a few contrasts in approach, ordinarily they concur that the womanliness is to be socially developed. It is fairly certain that both postmodern compositions of Barker and Betts might not dismiss these methodologies when composing on ladies. In addition they are innovatively taking an interest in the discussions. For instance, the plot Ophelia Thinks Harder is unequivocally under-injury on sexual orientation development. Barker is concentrating more on the connection of gentility and the force. Bett’s guarantee on Queen: â€Å"We need to work at being women†¦ † (Queen,3,17) features the coercive idea of womanliness and can review one the Beauvoir’s acclaimed guarantee that one isn't conceived, but instead turns into a woman[3]. Womanliness development in the regular comprehension is viewed as the â€Å"the craftsmanship that [all the hetero women] must master†(Queen, Scene 3, p. 16). It is very characteristic that all the mandatory is to be scrutinized in the western just society. Anyway the gentility is constrained so slight and inconspicuous that one can not know about it. In any case, the result of this constrained gentility can be increasingly perilous to the point that one can accept and can contact all the degrees of person. This is the thing that this examination will endeavor to feature in this work. It is tragic to stamp this is the common way of thinking with respect to sex issues discovers its supporters for the most part in the gay reaches. [4] With all my regard for the decent variety, at times it resembles Barker’s Hamlet who â€Å"will compose the Book of Love while having never goodness not ever loved† (Hamlet, Scene 13, p. 55). While the hetero ladies endure of such a significant number of not less critical issues of no arrangement. What is the job for instance of the way of thinking on sex, rewarding the issues of womanliness in the issue of aggressive behavior at home. A 1992 Council of Europe concentrate on aggressive behavior at home against ladies found that one out of four ladies experience abusive behavior at home over their lifetimes, 400 hundred ladies kick the bucket as a result of their partner’s brutality consistently [5]. As a rule, the contemporary philosophical direction is not really discovering something useful to propose at any rate for hetero ladies leaving the logical inconsistency uncertain. Efrat Tseelon scrutinizes the advanced creators with respect to the woman’s question in â€Å"The Masque of Femininity†: â€Å"My guarantee is that this custom covers totally different hypothetical clarifications. It ranges from legendary and philosophical depictions which characterize the embodiment of a lady as dissimulation, to psychoanalytic records and contemporary social hypothesis which characterize the substance of gentility as an inessential social construction†[6]. Larger part of the postmodern authors and savants, who are concentrating on womanliness, offer the responses essentially on the deconstruction of sex. A few inclinations for internationalized women's liberation think about the ladies of the third world circumstances as exceptionally calculable [7]. Notwithstanding, comparable issues in the western culture don't have the adequate treat. Regardless of whether speculations exist, they are too hard to even consider adopting, all things considered, for the hetero greater part of ladies as it is demonstrated in Ophelia Thinks Harder. In this setting abstract works rewarding inquiries concerning ladies again become increasingly significant. They are irreplaceable in understanding gentility in present day terms. See that considering them adds to the taking a shot at the awareness. What's more, it is because of the nature of the writing free of the customary development or philosophical patterns and to a great extent contributing into both, to cross the hypothesis and the reality. While Howard Barker’s expectations are somewhat obscure, Jean Betts gives the both in her work: her work is loaded with unique creative mind, she gives the authentic and philosophical information from Aristotle to Queen Elizabeth and the framework of Christian idea over gentility and she brings out for the portrayals of ladies in all the measurements. Obviously such methodology causes her for starters to put some light on the first character of Shakespearean Ophelia by the presentation of the idea on womanliness in the period when Shakespeare made Ophelia, the post-Elizabethan period, the start of the seventeenth century. This data in the pretense of fiction makes clear the genuine explanation of Shakespearean Ophelia’s breakdown. Ladies were viewed as physiologically â€Å"failed men† †as a result of deficient advancement brought about by inadequate generative warmth in the belly. They were viewed as the feminine man, the distortions of effeminacy. Woman’s sexuality was thought of just about a different life form inside the lady, with a will †womb[8]. Getting back to back to these corruptions in the postmodernist casing permits the peruser to scrutinize the authoritative social talk of these days. While Betts is attempting in her own words to help to â€Å"dismantle a portion of the establishments of this profoundly covered bias against women†, (Writer’s Notes, Ophelia Thinks Harder), Barker is concentrating more on the sexuality of the womanliness as the force and the unfortunate result of the abundance of the gentility and ladylike sexuality. He addresses the verity of the sexual female freedom and on the off chance that it truly frees the lady. Without a doubt a specific sexual ladylike freedom has become a piece of the ordinary development of gentility. Be that as it may, there is no consistent class of traditional gentility, no for womanliness as there is no consistent classification for the lady. â€Å"The exceptionally subject of ladies is not, at this point comprehended in steady or withstanding terms†[9]. The most ideal definition for the customary gentility gives Betts’s Gertrude: â€Å"†¦ show her wares†¦ you’ll amaze them all†¦ a fantastical corrective and undergarment fitting procedure; e. g. Eyebrow culling, leg waxing, arm oiling, nails, pompous face cover, furious corsetry, horribly cushioned bra, virtuousness belt, etc†¦ You will amuse, yet not over-energize. †¦ an unadulterated sweet, compliant little virgin†¦ † The regular womanliness is twofold confronted. Having Chaste Mary as a perfect, the female best climax is â€Å"to play the cards right†. What Ragusa has really performed. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ marriage is the best second in a woman’s life to be a lady of the hour the day of all days†¦ † (Ragusa, Scene 15, p. 63). Attempting her best to build the female self, she wedded Hamlet and acquired the seat after his demise. Ophelia’s Mother proposes: â€Å"women are deceptive, guileful, plotting, deceitful†¦ †. In any event, making kids in the customary comprehension of the gentility is compared to please or control man: â€Å"They need kids, do it. They don’t †all around come to me and I’ll help you when the opportunity arrives. â€Å"; â€Å"A lady with a child is amazing. † (Queen, Scene 3, p. 17; 19) However, in the first form Gertrude had only fortitude and the c

Muted Group Theory free essay sample

Websters Dictionary characterizes correspondence a procedure by which data is traded between people through a typical arrangement of images, signs, or conduct. Our course book Introducing Communication Theory says that correspondence relies upon our capacity to comprehend each other (West, Turner 2010). Both of these definitions are right, anyway they can be broke down as direct inverses. The definition I will use for this paper will be the definition that centers around the capacity to see one another. This definition is fundamental to understanding the Muted Group Theory. Cheris Kramarae built up the Muted Group Theory, and as she created it she said womens contemplations and words were degraded in the public arena making them be a quieted gathering. The Muted gathering Theory is significant on the grounds that it is worried about force and how it is utilized against individuals. This hypothesis isolates power among people, and puts together its establishment with respect to language being socially bound (Ardner 1975). We will compose a custom article test on Quieted Group Theory or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It clarifies how and why certain gatherings in the public eye are quieted and not heard. Ladies are believed to be fabricated uniquely in contrast to beers, and these distinctions cause ladies to act uniquely in contrast to their male partners. These distinctions are the motivation behind why ladies (and minorities) are viewed as quieted bunches since they are viewed as lower in status than the predominant gatherings (Griffin, 1996). Quieted Group Theory depends on 3 suppositions. The primary supposition states man and ladies see the world contrastingly dependent on their past encounters and exercises established in the division of work. The subsequent presumption states since men will in general have political strength, mens arrangement of discernment is ominant, hindering the free articulation of womens elective models of the world. The third presumption states so as to take an interest in the public eye, ladies must change their own models as far as the got male arrangement of articulation (West, Turner 2010). Correspondence scholar attempted to concoct speculations about how ladies convey. The main theory was that ladies make some harder memories conveying than men. Second, ladies comprehend what men mean more than men comprehend what ladies mean. Third, Women speak with one another sing media not acknowledged by the prevailing male communicator. Forward, Women are less happy with correspondence than men. Fifth, Women are not prone to make new words, yet now and again do as such to make implications uncommon and special to ladies (Kramarae 1981). Quieting of a specific gathering can be applied and seen to numerous social gatherings (Orbe 1995). In the article African American correspondence inquire about: Toward a more profound comprehension of interethnic correspondence, it is expressed that examination performed by the prevailing white European culture has made a perspective on African- American correspondence, how they are quieted with regards to being ruled by the white European culture (Orbe 1995). All in all, The Muted Group Theory causes us comprehend the predominant gatherings in our general public. It likewise gives us a more prominent comprehension about the concealment of the less ground-breaking gatherings. We figure out how various people gain their voice, in view of where their economic wellbeing as well as sexual orientation.

Borderline Personality Disorder and Self-Mutilation

Borderline Personality Disorder and Self-Mutilation BPD Print Self-Mutilation and Borderline Personality Disorder By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 19, 2020 Petar Chernaev/Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Warning: The content of this article may be very triggering if you engage in self-mutilation. Please consider this carefully before reading on. Self-mutilation is very difficult to understand if you have never experienced the urge to engage in this behavior yourself. If you have a friend or family member with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who self-mutilates, it can be scary, confusing, and frustrating. By understanding why self-mutilation occurs, you can help your loved one cope with these urges and act as a support network for her. What Is Self-Mutilation? Self-mutilation involves the direct and deliberate destruction or alteration of the body. Examples of these behaviors include cutting, burning, sticking oneself with needles, and severe scratching. The research frequently uses the term nonsuicidal  self-injury (NSSI). Self-mutilation is usually very different than other self-harming behaviors.  Research has shown that individuals who engage in self-harm are usually not trying to kill themselves when they engage in the behavior, although some may report that they have mixed feelings about the intent of the act. This is not to say that people who engage in self-mutilation are not suicidal; many people who self-mutilate also have suicidal thoughts or even make suicide attempts. In addition, in cases of very severe self-mutilation, people have died from their injuries. Why People Engage in Self-Mutilation Many believe that people engage in self-mutilation to get attention. This is a myth. Most people who self-harm do it in private and make sure that the marks or scars are hidden. They often will wear long sleeves to cover these signs. They are often ashamed of the behavior and keep it a secret. Particularly for those with BPD who have rejection sensitivity, they worry continuously about people finding out about their secrets. Research has shown that most people self-mutilate in order to help regulate internal experiences such as intense emotions, thoughts, memories, and physical sensations.?? Who Engages in Self-Mutilation? Unfortunately, self-mutilation is a common behavior, particularly among those with BPD. One study found that, among college students (not necessarily with BPD),?? attachment issues (insecure attachment, childhood separation, and emotional neglect) along with sexual abuse and dissociation, were significant risk factors for self-injury, and that the risk factors were gender-specific. Evidence suggests that significant gender differences exist in prevalence, method, and where on the body the self-harm is inflicted.?? Females reported higher numbers of the behavior overall, more cutting and scratching, and more damage to arms and legs than males. Males reported more burning and self-hitting, and more damage to the chest, face, or genitals. In another study of youth in the third, sixth, and ninth grades in one community,?? ninth-grade girls were most at risk, with a similar injury pattern of more cutting and scratching, and engaging in self-harm three times as much as boys. People who have experienced maltreatment during their childhood, such as through sexual abuse or neglect, or who were separated from a caregiver in childhood, are at greater risk for self-mutilation than the general population.?? Effects of Childhood Trauma Treatment Because self-mutilation is often an attempt to manage intense feelings,??  cognitive behavioral treatments for self-mutilation focus on helping the person find new, healthier ways of managing emotions and thoughts. For example, one cognitive-behavioral treatment for borderline personality disorder, dialectical behavior therapy, addresses unhealthy attempts at coping by helping the patient learn and practice a new set of coping skills. In some cases, a doctor may prescribe medications to help regulate emotions and feelings and decrease the urge to self-harm. Medications for Borderline Personality Disorder What to Do If a Friend or Loved One Self-Mutilates If you are going to talk to your friend or loved one about self-mutilation, its important to do it in a non-judgmental fashion. Approaching them calmly and with care can make the person feel heard and understood. Before talking with a loved one, it may be a good idea to consult with a therapist who specializes in treating BPD and self-mutilation. He can give you professional advice on the best way to approach the situation without frightening or upsetting your loved one. Getting Treatment for Self-Mutilation If you or someone you know is struggling with self-mutilation, there are a variety of treatment resources available including finding a therapist to talk to.   Seek Help With An Online Therapy Program

How Education Has Changed My Life - 851 Words

Education has been a part of my life ever since I was born. My mother is a teacher, and I have always been in her classroom, and seeing her teaching kids is something I feel I knew I wanted to do ever since I was little. As I grew older, I had a rough time in school. I was identified with a learning disability in the fourth grade which helped me become successful and also made school difficult too. The impact education has had on my life is why I want to become a teacher. My mother has been a teacher for over 25 years, and is still going. When I was little, around the ages of three-four, I would go into her classroom to ‘visit’ her class. Even as time progressed I would go and watch her in the classroom, and eventually went to the same school she taught at. My mother would bring books home that she did not need anymore and other classroom supplies for me to play school. I would play school with my imaginary students, pretending I was the teacher and they were my ‘perfect classroom of students’. My ‘classroom’ eventually grew into friends who would be my students, or my teachers. Talking with individuals who had my mother as a teacher opened my eyes to understanding what an impact a teacher has on their student. Growing up, school was a blur to me until about grade three. About first grade, until I was in fifth, I would go into a small reading group with other students my age. I did not think much of it, but I did not like missing out on classroom instruction. ExpressingShow MoreRelatedHow Education Has Changed My Life Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pages These past four years have really been a life changing experience. From a childish freshmen not only at school but at home too, to a still sometimes childish senior, one who knows when and how to control himself. This school and its teachers have taught me so many lessons that will not be forgotten any time soon. You can probably imagine how nervous and maybe even a little timorous I was, my first day at Barstow High. It was not very simple to get accustomed to, coming from Hinkley School, whichRead MoreI Am A Great Writer892 Words   |  4 Pages1.) How has this class allowed you to think more openly? This class has allowed me to think more openly because I feel that my classmates and professor allowed me to express my opinion regardless of the opinions of others. This has helped me be more involved in discussions because I felt that I could express myself without others being judgmental and it has helped me become more of an optimistic person. I surprised myself at times because I am usually a quite person and rarely express my opinionRead MoreThe Influence Of The Internet On Society901 Words   |  4 Pagessociety has benefited from the advancement in technology. For example the wheel made it easier to travel long distances with heavy items and the invention of antibiotics saved millions of lives from infections. Today, technology is used on a regular basis, from the cars that we use to drive to work, to the electricity that powers our tv, radio, and lights. By looking at what we have accomplished, technology has greatly influenced society. If you were to ask me what piece of t echnology has greatlyRead MoreRichard Rodriguez : The Son Of Mexican Immigrants977 Words   |  4 Pageslives incompatible to each other – his life at home and school. Rodriguez revered his teachers and aspired to be like them, mimicking many of their opinions and physical gestures. At an early age, Rodriguez realized there was a separation between his school life and home life. There were certain things that could only be shared at home or at school. When Rodriguez read The Uses of Literacy by Richard Hoggart, he encountered a term that described his way of life – the scholarship boy. Rodriguez wasRead MorePersonal Experience on Culture and Gender Issues748 Words   |  3 Pagesback and looking what I have learned throughout this class I truly enjoyed three topics throughout this course. Topics such as culture, sex and gender, and education are part of my everyday life. By learning about these different ideas and beliefs, I have absorbed many different opinions abou t culture, sex and gender, and a huge part in education. Culture is a delicate word. If I told you what was the definition of culture was at the beginning of the semester, I believed that it revolved around similarityRead MoreFormal And Informal Educational Experiences1596 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity â€Æ' Learning Autobiography (LAB # 1) In this paper you will learn my insights into my life. I will touch on my formal and informal education. I will reflect on the four Breadth areas of Ottawa University’s program of liberal arts studies. Future goals, philosophy, values, and obstacles will be discussed. This will include significant people and events that have happened in my life. Formal Educational Experiences My formal educational experiences start’s with Field School, Field School isRead MoreAn Event That Changed An Individual Life848 Words   |  4 PagesAt some point in life there will be an event that changed an individual life forever. When that event changes the point of view about the education, then that event has become a big thing. Those changes could be good a thing or bad. The event that change my education view is when I move to the United State. I have been in America for about 8 years. The first couple years are hard because I don’t speak English so there is no way to communicate with others. With all the thing we hear about AmericaRead MoreDifferent Sides Of Education : An Important Part Of One s Life1606 Words   |  7 PagesSides of Education Education is vital, in fact the most important part of one’s life. Getting a higher education is very important in order to live in this world. Nelson Mandela, a politician, said â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world† (BrainyQuote). When it comes to living a successful life, I live by this quote. I believe experience is something that will change one’s life. Throughout out our school career, we have experienced something that changed our livesRead MoreThe Chemical And Physiological Effects Drugs Had On The Human Body1358 Words   |  6 Pageswas interested in the biochemical and physiological effects drugs had on the human body. It was fascination to me how something as simple as taking Advil could relieve a bad headache or taking Nyquil could ease the symptoms of a cold. I was unaware that I wanted to become a pharmacist and have patient interactions until I started shadowing a pharmacist. The first day I volunteered at my local pharmacy an older gentleman walked in after having had a check-up with his physician. I noticed that he lookedRead MoreThe Cycle Of Illiteracy And Illiteracy984 Words   |  4 PagesIlliteracy Illiteracy has always been a problem in society in various ways that I believe, can only be frowned upon. Events in the past and present days emphasize the importance of basic education focusing in literacy as an essential part of our society. An experience as simple as a parent being illiterate can have a ripple effect on their children. Such as, my grandfather, who was raised in Mexico and was taught that labor to provide for his family was of higher importance than education and literacy

How to write a book report without reading the book

Proved Way That Guides You to Writing an Essay on a Book You Haven’t Read Are you the one who is always confused when it comes to writing a book report? This task requires a tangible piece of time. Two in one – book reading and essay writing – sounds dreadfully? This is when you surely open the search line in your browser and look for the most effective answer and a proved tip on How to write essay on book I didnt read. If you are some sort of a procrastinator – that as sure as fate doubles your challenge. Probably there is a little time left for this not-as-simple-as-you-desire task.  We will spill some proved tips gathered in one place to help you write an essay on a book you haven’t read within several hours and get the best possible result. So here you are. Lets take four or five hours to read all the necessary stuff. This amount of time should be enough. Mind that it, of course, depends on the lengths of the book you need to study and your own speed of reading. So be conscious, take all your passion in your hand, wake up the inspiration deep within and go ahead. But first, lets think over. Is it a good idea to look for the similar works one the web As they say, if you do not know what to do – ask your pocket library, namely search engine. It is more than 50% likely that other people have already written their essays on the same or a similar topic. But be conscious. Do not give in to temptation of a plagiarism! Instead, follow the  others’ examples and use them only for the inspiration. However, it’s up to you anyway. So lets get to the point and check out our tips on how to write a book report yourself, quickly, and at your best. The count has started. Go through the book briefly, but scrupulously You probably want to make the things easier and read the first and the final chapter to get some sense of a story? To understand the whole idea, you need to take a look at more pages. We recommend that you read the first paragraphs of each chapter of your book. Depending on paragraphs lengths, it can take you from two hours to learn all the chapters briefly. This is the crucial rule you have to follow for writing an essay on a book you didnt read, which is much shorter and faster than reading the whole book. Lets assume, the approximate number of pages is 300 (plus-minus several dozens of pages) with 15 chapters, relatively. Reading the first and the last pages of it may require from an hour and a half to two-three hours, which is dependent on a speed of your reading. Read with a pen in your hands Use a proved rule of thumb – make notes while reading. It will help you with the very first draft of your future essay. You can forget something important afterwards, especially when you see the blank paper in front of you. Arm yourself with the most important information at once. It can take your time in the process, but it will save a good piece of it in the end. In order to avoid making notes blindfold, reread and check out the requirements of your essay and find out what information to look for. This will increase your effectiveness. Make notes in the most handy way for you – write out, underline or use stickers, etc. Two or three hours left and more than a half of the path is gone. You have two or more hours to write a book report and summarize everything on paper. Make your first draft Once you are done with so-called generalized reading, you can move on to finishing your first draft. Namely finishing, because youve almost done it in the process, written down the most important information and ideas for the relevant sections of your report. Dont forget to keep your eye to the required formatting. Spend the time left for improving your first draft and make it clear according to the requirements. Does it match to the words and pages count. How about the style and the content? Are you satisfied yourself? 60-90 remained minutes should be enough to finish it and start revising mistakes, misprints or rewriting the parts you find not appealing. Once youve read this studenthacking instruction, close it and start working on your task. Try to focus only on the present moment and do what you should do. Otherwise, interfering with different issues will take much more of your time and reduce your effectiveness. So do it. Or Write your report about any book with us! We hope that you have found our tips useful and they will help you write a very good report in the short term. We put all our experience in one place to give a comprehensive answer on your question How to write essay on a book I didnt read, but still these recommendations do not guarantee you success, especially when you are running out of time and the task itself is not the easiest for you. Counting on Google also makes not much sense, because of some evident reasons. Theres no one to prove that the given results will respond to your needs while surfing on the Internet, especially when your task is related to writing character analysis essays. Besides, a risk to find the works of poor quality or with incomplete information is what adds to this problem. Writing an essay on a book from scratch is a decision that can save the situation. Feeling not enough passion for doing it itself, you can always count on our help and write your report with us. We will find an experienced writer, who is not only familiar with the book, but also competent at the task. This means that you will receive a profound essay, written in accordance with all the requirements. Once ordered, our pros will save you from bad essays and meet the specified deadline. So dont bother and apply for professional help today.

Learning and Favorite Academic Subject Free Essays

Speaking section Many iBT speaking questions ask you to talk about things that you enjoy, things that you value, or things that you are good at. Practice with the following topics. Be sure to support your response with specific reasons and details. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Favorite Academic Subject or any similar topic only for you Order Now You have 15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to speak. 1. What is your favorite hobby? 2. Describe a talent you have 3. What is a good book that you would recommend? 4. What is your favorite season of the year? 5. Explain about an object that is very special in your life. 6. Describe a holiday you enjoy celebrating 7. What is a possession you value highly? 8. What is your favorite method of transportation? 9. Where is your favorite park or public space? 10. What famous person would you most like to meet1. Describe an interesting trip you’ve taken. 2. What is a difficult problem you’ve had to overcome? 3. What is your favorite memory of childhood? 4. Explain an important lesson you’ve learned in life. 5. Describe a special opportunity that was given to you. 6. Describe a place that you liked to go when you were young. 7. What is something you regret? 8. Explain about a time when you felt very happy. . What was the most enjoyable day of your life? 10. Describe an event that has changed you in some way. TALKING ABOUT THE PLACE YOU LIVE 1. Describe your hometown. 2. What is something about your country that makes you proud? 3. If a visitor came to your country, where would you take them? 4. If you could give a gift to your friend that is symbolic of your country, what would you gi ve them? 5. Introduce a game from your country, and explain why you like to play it. 6. Where is a place in your hometown that you go to relax? 7. If you could visit any country, where would you go? 8. What is the most important room in your house? 9. Explain why your hometown is or isn’t a good place to live. 10. If a friend came to your country to visit, what meal would you prepare1. Describe an interesting class you’ve taken. 2. Describe some qualities of a good teacher. 3. What are some good ways to learn English? 4. What is your favorite academic subject? 5. Should cell phones be banned from classrooms? 6. Should non-academic classes like art and music they be removed from the curriculum? 7. Besides teaching the basic subjects, what are some ways that school shapes children? 8. Explain about the best teacher you ever had. 9. What is something useful that you learned in school? 10. If you take any class on any subject, what would you study and why What is your idea of the perfect job? 2. Describe a skill you want to learn. 3. How will your life be different in 5 years? 4. Describe your ideal marriage partner. 5. What is a job you admire, but don’t necessarily want to do? 6. What is a skill needed for future success? 7. Describe a trip you are planning to take. 8. Explain what you want to accomplish in the future. 9. In what type of climate would you like to live, and why? 0. What are some things people can do to stay healthy? 1. Explain about a person who has influenced you in some way 2. Describe some qualities of a good friend. 3. What is the best way for parents to discipline their children? 4. What kind of people do you like to meet? 5. Describe a person you admire, and explain why you admire this person. 6. What are some characteristics of a good neighbor? 7. Should children help with the housework? 8. Which parent do you take after the most? 9. Describe someone you enjoy talking with. 10. What is something important that your parents taught you1. If you could solve any problem in the world, what would it be? 2. What are some ways that you can help reduce pollution? 3. Should cars be banned from city centers? 4. How should people who send spam (computer junk mail) be punished? 5. Should people be allowed to clone their pets? 6. Describe how transportation will be different in the future. 7. Describe some ways in which homelessness could be fought. 8. What do you feel is one of mankind’s greatest inventions? 9. Should genetically modified food be sold in supermarkets? 10. What is the most serious problem in the world these days How to cite Learning and Favorite Academic Subject, Essay examples

Finding Nemo Symbols free essay sample

Nemo is a small clownfish, who is very adventurous and playful. While his father thought that he was too young to go to school, Nemo brims with the excitement. And it was his inexperience and childish that led to his unexpected abduction. Nemo is a typical symbol for the youth who has curiosity, enthusiasm, bravery and also ebullience. He dares to risk and yearns for adventure especially when he has motivity. Sometimes it is nothing but his immature makes him get into troubles. When every difficulty was overcome, Nemo really grows up and his adventure is exactly the same as people’s life adventure to reach adulthood. Another main symbol of the film is Nemo’s father Marlin. He is an over-protective father because Nemo was the only surviving child he had after the death of his wife and other offsprings. He is always afraid of the ocean and rarely trusts anyone a typical symbol of someone who knew the feeling of lost. We will write a custom essay sample on Finding Nemo Symbols or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is the reason why his son- Nemo- does not believe that it could be his father traveling hundreds miles, fighting against shark, jellyfish.. to look for him. Marlin is also a typical of parents who does not believe in the children. He always thinks that Nemo is not mature enough even when he found Nemo. After all the adventure, Marlin learns that he has to believe in his son and himself either. The adventure brings Marlin and his companion face-to-face with sharks, deep-sea anglers, fields of poisonous jellyfish, sea turtles, pelicans, and much more. After all, Marlin rises above his neuroses and learns to take risks. The whole adventure is a symbol of the family love, friendship and also challenges in life. Nothing could be more noble than parents love, by which we might discover a bravery inside that we never knew. Parents would try all their best to save the children, no matter how many difficulties they had to face. Dory is a friendly but forgetful company of Marlin on the way finding Nemo. In contrast to Marlin, she is a naive and over- optimistic blue tang fish that is both helpful and a hindrance to him, sometimes at the same time. Dory not only becomes a symbol of optimistic people, but also a symbol of faith especially in friendship. Her optimism proves an invaluable quality to help Marlin overcome the impossible. Sometimes we should just â€Å"keep swimming† because the worry could not solve the problem. Moreover, Dory taught Marlin and also the audience that â€Å"Trust is what friends do† and in some case we have to trust to move on. Friendship in particular and love in general all needs faith. Besides the three protagonists, other antagonists also play an important role and become typical sumbols. Bruce, Anchor and Chum are sharks that Marlin and Dory met on the way. These three sharks were tormented by their natural urge to eat fish and their resulting unpopularity amongst the general ocean population. Although they made their best to give up their instinct by swearing off, but is was so hard to get out of this bad habit. They are symbolized for the people who are awared of their defects but realising it was not easy at all. In addtition to three vegetarian shark, the  150-year-old sea turtle is a symbol. This turtle was old at age but young at heart. He was the one who helped Marlin and Dory so much, and also taught Marlin a valuable lesson. In our mind, turtle was a symbol of something patient and steady. After watching the movie, now they are also a good example of parents. They totally believe in their childrens ability. They has proved that you never  really know when your children was strong and mature enough but when they know you know you know. Protection is good but we have to let them go by themselves. Finding Nemo was really  a spectacularly beautiful animated adventure for everyone not just because of  hilarious adventure to look for a curious and impressionable six-year-old fish but also the meaning that implied in the symbols. Although the film is about the marine life and sea creatures, it symbolizes the real human- being world of us.

Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers Essay Example

Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers Essay 1. Introduction It is the job of a marketer to realise, understand and effectively make use of how a customer can best provide the business with the profit that it strives for. As marketing in the 21st century has moved away form traditional offensive strategies and moving towards defensive strategies where pull factors become vital when attracting and maintaining customers. A customer will purchase a product or service for a number of reasons, all however, are to satisfy the customers need or want at that moment in time. If we can understand what motivates the customer to purchase we can start to understand how and why the customer becomes one of the businesses biggest asset as it is the customer who affects the bottom line measures of success, namely profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order to analyse the title statement and ascertain outcomes and conclusions this paper will examine both classical and modern day literature making reference to how the areas of service quality, satisfaction and customer retention have been focused upon in academia. This paper shall endeavor to highlight any relevance links between these areas of business whilst answering the question of the statements validity in modern-day business. Breaking down the title quote will allow us to compare and contrast past literature on the subject and how they relate to each other. 2. Service Quality Berry et al (1988) defines service quality: Service quality can often make the difference between a businesss success and failure and Quality is conformance to customer specifications; it is the customers definition of quality, not managements that counts. These quotes put in context the importance of service quality and how important it is to focus on the customer when aiming to create this quality in service. Berry et al (1988) describe service quality as being a major differentiator for businesses as well as being a powerful competitive weapon. There has been overwhelming literature on the subject of service quality on the past two decades. Gronroos (1984) explains a customers perception of service quality: it is reasonable to state that the perceived quality of a given service will be the outcome of an evaluation process, where the consumer compares his expectations with the service he perceives he has received, i.e. he puts the perceive service against the expected service. The result if this process will be perceived quality of the service. If a customer enters the market place with low expectations of the service he or she is about to experience it is likely that if the service is better than expected the perceived level of quality of service will be high. Similarly, if expectations are high it is going to be harder for the supplier to meet the customers expectations. The service quality cannot simply be determined by the organization, it must come from the customer. If the supplier can realize what the customer wants, and more importantly, what the customer expects, it can use this information when attempting to serve the customer. Gronroos (1984) goes on to describe Technical and Functional quality, see The Service Quality Model figure 1 below: The technical quality is the outcome of the transactional. This is what the customer attempts to find when entering the market place and seeks to satisfy the original want or need. The functional quality is how well the service does its job and is what contributes to the quality of the service. Once the technical and functional qualities are added to the image of the service the customer can start to evaluate its service quality. The image of the organization and the image of service itself can dramatically affect the way in which the customer perceives the overall service quality. Gronroos (1984) also explains that: image may be a quality dimension. If a consumer believes that he goes to a good restaurant and the meal, for instance is not perfect, or the behaviour of the waiter is irritating, he may still find the perceived service satisfactory. Zeithaml and Bitner (p.92, 2003) explain how consumers judge service quality: Over the years service researchers have suggested that consumers judge the quality of services based on their perceptions of the technical outcome provided, the process by which that outcome was delivered, and the quality of the physical surroundings where the service is delivered. The Interactions Qualities are the qualities that the organization attempts to serve the customer with, such response times and the ability to communicate clearly with the customer. Any combination of the five factors above contribute to how the customer perceives the service quality he or she receives during the interaction between them and the organization. The Physical Surroundings that the customer is aware of is another quality that contributes to service quality. This can be as simple as a comfortable chair for the customer to sit on whilst he or she is dealing with the organization the perception of a customers surroundings can influence a customers overall perception of service quality. An example of this would be Nike Town where the whole where the customer is encouraged to fully engage in the shopping experience as it becomes a day out offering customers to perceive excellent quality service. The Outcome Qualities are what gets the customers attention and what the customer wants to get out of the interaction with the organization. For example, if a customer wanted a jacket to be dry-cleaned the clean jacket would be the outcome quality. Again, the five factors listed above make up an overall perception for the customer on the outcome quality. Parasuraman, et al (1985) describe how understanding customer expectations through market research and open communication with employees contributes to the five service quality dimensions. If an organization can gain information about the market it can more effectively create superior service dimensions for the customer by identifying what the customer wants and how these wants fit into the market as a whole. Open communication with employees also allows the organization to gain first hand data on customer responses as employees often received on-the-spot feedback from customers. Parasuraman, et al (1985) also describes how management commitment to service and employee performance impact on how the service dimensions are perceived. Zeithaml Bitner (1996) describe the zone of tolerance and the two levels of service expectation, see figure 3. Figure 3 The zone of tolerance lies between a perceived adequate level of service and the desired level of service. Due to the nature of services variation can often arise from serving one customer to another. One customer may even experience different levels of service, or a lack or consistency, from one transaction to another. The zone of tolerance allows for an amount of variation where the customer still finds the service to be acceptable if the perceived level of service drops below the acceptable level the customer will become frustrated and dissatisfied. The zone of tolerance can increase or decrease for individual customers depending on factors including competition, price or importance of specific service attributes (Lovelock et al, p.127, 1999) For example, if a customer was given a complimentary holiday from a travel company they are likely to have a larger zone of tolerance than if they had paid full price. The level of service they receive may drop to below what they would usually accept but because the holiday was free they may not be dissatisfied. Just three years later Burrell and Gale (1987) show us the PIMS Principle (figure 4) and the relationship between Relative Quality and Relative Market share. This is a useful model to understand as it brings in the Return on Investment (ROI) which most models do not include. The equations are: High Market Share + High Quality = High ROI Low Market Share + Low Quality = Low ROI We must remember that service quality is rarely described as a cheap or short-term implemented part of business. Berry et al makes it clear that service quality is long term if it is to work. There are no ways to change the attitudes, habits, knowledge, and skills of human beings quickly. Service quality can add a valued differentiator to the products offered where goods in todays environment are largely undifferentiated. However, this will inevitably have an instant effect on bottom line success in that it will costing will increase. 3. Customer Satisfaction We can define customer satisfaction: Satisfaction is the consumers fulfillment response. It is a judgment that a product or service feature, or the product or service itself, provides a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment. Zeithaml and Bitner (2003) quote R. L. Oliver. Satisfaction happens when the customer perceives the product or service to at least meet their expectations. The customer may experience fulfillment, contentment, pleasure, delight or relief. If the customers needs or wants are not met he or she will become dissatisfied. Zeithaml and Bitner (2003) go on to compare customer satisfaction: Although they have certain things in common, satisfaction is generally viewed as a broader concept, whereas service quality assessment focuses specifically on dimensions of service. Based on this view, perceived service quality is a component of customer satisfaction. We can see how the Customer Perceptions of Quality Customer Satisfaction model (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003) is completed in figure 5. Figure 5 We can see that price is introduced as a contributing factor to customer satisfaction, whereas as price does not contribute to service quality. Most importantly, we can see that situational and personal factors influence customer satisfaction. These factors are beyond the control of the organization and are part of individual customers and what they bring with them to the market place. Customers emotions can also affect their perceptions of satisfaction, Positive emotions such as happiness, pleasure, elation and a sense of warm-heartednesss enhanced customers satisfaction (Zeithaml Bitner, 2003) Zeithaml are offering the notion of emotional transactions with the service delivery and if organizations factor this into the delivery it is likely to enduce a positive outcome of customer satisfaction, hence customer satisfaction is in itself an emotional state. This is important to marketers, as a customer with already positive emotions is likely to respond to the service quality with an already positive outlook when dealing with the supplier. Negative emotions will, however, have the opposite affect. negative emotions such as sadness, sorrow, regret and anger led to diminished customer satisfaction. (Zeithaml Bitner, 2003) Cronin Taylor (1992) describes the results from their study on Service Quality that they link to satisfaction and the relationship the results are as follows: (1) a performance-based measure of service quality may be an improved means of measuring the service quality construct, (2) service quality is an antecedent of consumer satisfaction, (3) consumer satisfaction has a significant effect on purchase intentions, (4) service quality has less effect on purchase intentions than does consumer satisfaction. 4. Defections Management Realising and effectively managing how and why customers decide to leave, or defect, from your company can have a positive impact on bottom line success. Companies can boost profits by almost 100% by retaining just 5% more of their customers. (Reichheld Sasser, p.105, 1990) Reichheld Sasser (1990) explain the cost of losing a customer in relation to the initial spend made by companies to gain the customer in the first place. An example of a credit card is used to demonstrate how attracting one customer can cost as much as $50 but this outlay is not recouped until year two. They explain that operating costs decrease the longer the customer stays with the company, and revenues increase year on year as the customer becomes more confident in using the service. Costs are likely to decrease as a more confident customer is expected to spend less time asking questions and more time making use of the service i.e. spending. Defections Management can also result in increased profits from referrals and price premiums. 5. Repeat Purchasing and Retention Customer repurchase intention is influenced by seven important factors service quality, equity and value, customer satisfaction, past loyalty, expected switching cost and brand preference. (Hellier et al, 2003) Past loyalty to the product is likely to influence the customer making another purchase simply due to the loyalty the customer feels towards the business. If a customer has been loyal in the past it may feel perfectly natural to carry on with a system that has worked in the past. Large organizations, for example, will often order supplies such as stationary from the same supplier because they have systems in place to make those orders due to past loyalties with the supplier. The expected switching cost can be a major contributing factor to repurchases in industries where joining fees or get-out clauses exist. Jones Sasser (1995) compare satisfaction with retention at Rank Xerox in the early 1990s (Figure 6). High levels of retention are not met until the customer is very satisfied. Just not dissatisfying the customer or even satisfying the customer is not enough to gain 50% or higher levels of retention. Rust et al (1995), however, say that scores of 5 will result in 97%, a score of 3s and 4s will result in 95% retention. We can see from this that satisfaction to retention varies from one organization to another, as well as from industry to industry. Figure 7 (Jones Sasser, 1995) displays how this relationship changes dependant on industry. A service such a telephone service provider (or most utility providers) often serve their customers because there is none or very little alternatives available. Contracts and notice to leave also result in customers staying with their service provider because it is more convenient, even if they are not especially satisfied. A motorcar supplier is shown to have the opposite affect as there is much choice in the market and customers are free to purchase how and when they like. Technological advances may also influence if and when a customer defects from one company to another, as they may desire new technology from a competitor. Robert Weisman, Boston Globe (2004) supports this notion: Some customers may feel trapped theyll continue doing business with their vendors because they have to, not because they want to. We can also explore the notion that loyal customers have a direct postive affect on bottom line business success. Much literature on loyal agrees that loyal customers will be more familiar with a companys transactional processes and therefore should find it cheaper to serve them (Reinartz et al, 2002) Reinartz et al (2002 ) do not agree fully that loyal customers have a direct positive affect on profits: Specifically, we discover little or no evidence to suggest that customers who purchase steadily from a company over time are necessarily cheaper to serve, less price sensitive, or particularly effective in bringing in new business.

Global Health Priorities

Global Health Priorities Every year the World Health Organization (WHO) collects health information from all member states. The health information is used to formulate both short term and long term goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Health Priorities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This information is then shared with all stakeholders. Based on this information, priority areas are selected and appropriate interventions formulated. Health priorities vary from region to region but there are some that are generally considered to be universal. This paper will discuss the global health priorities. It begins with a brief overview of the health related millennium development goals (MDG). The WHO has traditionally formulated global health priorities using the millennium development goals. The millennium development goals related to health include MDG 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (WHO, 2013). MDG 1 is concerned with childhood malnutrition especia lly reduction of underweight while MDG 4 focuses on child health and immunization. MDG 5 is concerned with maternal and reproductive health. The health aspects covered in MDG 6 include malaria, tropical diseases, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. The seventh millennium development goal covers water and sanitation. Global health priorities emerge from the MDGs. Some health concerns are confined to some regions but due to huge socioeconomic burden they exert on communities, they qualify to be regarded as global health concerns. Other health priorities include universal health coverage and access to essential medicines in all countries, healthcare for people living with disabilities, and prevention and control of non communicable diseases. Reduction of childhood health problems is a universal priority. The emphasis is on childhood malnutrition and immunization. Other childhood diseases are also covered. Immunization is among the most effective ways of reducing childhood diseases and mortalit y (WHO, 2013). WHO has setup a global vaccine action plan to ensure worldwide access to immunization services. The aim of the program is to ensure that vaccines are availed to both privileged and underprivileged communities at the same time. Child underweight is associated with maternal underweight. An underweight mother is likely to give birth to an underweight infant. Therefore, WHO advocates for weight and nutritional monitoring during the antenatal period. Diligent management of other childhood conditions and illnesses like diarrhoea is necessary for future national development. Maternal mortality remains one of the greatest concerns of the WHO and member states. This is captured in MDG 6 which envisages improved maternal health and reduction of maternal mortality.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To achieve this, WHO requires mothers to attend antenatal clinic at least four times. It further advises that mothers should deliver in the presence of skilled birth attendants. Maternal health has a great effect on the health of an infant. Reproductive health services also contribute to improved quality of life. The World Health Organization has asked governments and other agencies concerned with maternal health to provide essential equipment and drugs to support maternal and child health. Water and sanitation is a huge health concern. At the moment, over 1.1 billion people in the world cannot access clean water (WHO, 2013). This poses a great danger to the affected communities. There are several diseases that are associated with poor sanitation and dirty water. It is the hope of the World Health Organization that all communities will access safe water and sanitation services in the near future. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS are among the leading causes of preventable deaths. HIV/AIDS is a manageable disease yet it still causes huge socioecono mic burdens to communities and individuals (Chipeta, Schouten, Aberle-Grasse, 2004). The WHO has prioritized programs geared towards prevention and control of these diseases. References Chipeta, J., Schouten, E., Aberle-Grasse, J. (2004). HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors. Retrieved from https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR175/12Chapter12.pdf. World Health Organization. (2013). The  World health statistics 2013. Web.

Public Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Administration - Assignment Example Wilson’s theory of public administration was put forward by Woodrow Wilson who is considered as one of the pioneers of public administration. In his 1887 article titled â€Å"The Study of Administration,† Wilson formally recognized public administration and the role it plays in the society. In the article, he argued that undertaking a course in public administration is essential in discovering what a government can successfully and properly do and how it can do things efficiently and with minimal cost and energy. The main theme of Wilson’s theory of public administration was that public administration should be founded on a science of management and separation of administration from traditional politics. Also, he advocated that public administration should involve a comparative analysis of private and political organizations. Besides, he advocated the need to enhance the effectiveness of public service through training of civil servants, as well as through assess ment that is merit-based. In addition, he advocated the improvement of efficiency of public administration by the adoption of business-like attitudes and practices in daily operations. Like other theories, Wilson’s theory of public administration has had key points of contention. The main point of contention of this theory has been on the view that politics and administration should be separated. On the one hand, there are those who argue that effective and efficient public administration can only be achieved through a distinction of politics and administration. On the other hand, there are those who argue that politics and administration are inextricably linked and, therefore, cannot be separated.  

Public Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Administration - Assignment Example Wilson’s theory of public administration was put forward by Woodrow Wilson who is considered as one of the pioneers of public administration. In his 1887 article titled â€Å"The Study of Administration,† Wilson formally recognized public administration and the role it plays in the society. In the article, he argued that undertaking a course in public administration is essential in discovering what a government can successfully and properly do and how it can do things efficiently and with minimal cost and energy. The main theme of Wilson’s theory of public administration was that public administration should be founded on a science of management and separation of administration from traditional politics. Also, he advocated that public administration should involve a comparative analysis of private and political organizations. Besides, he advocated the need to enhance the effectiveness of public service through training of civil servants, as well as through assess ment that is merit-based. In addition, he advocated the improvement of efficiency of public administration by the adoption of business-like attitudes and practices in daily operations. Like other theories, Wilson’s theory of public administration has had key points of contention. The main point of contention of this theory has been on the view that politics and administration should be separated. On the one hand, there are those who argue that effective and efficient public administration can only be achieved through a distinction of politics and administration. On the other hand, there are those who argue that politics and administration are inextricably linked and, therefore, cannot be separated.  

Public Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Administration - Assignment Example Wilson’s theory of public administration was put forward by Woodrow Wilson who is considered as one of the pioneers of public administration. In his 1887 article titled â€Å"The Study of Administration,† Wilson formally recognized public administration and the role it plays in the society. In the article, he argued that undertaking a course in public administration is essential in discovering what a government can successfully and properly do and how it can do things efficiently and with minimal cost and energy. The main theme of Wilson’s theory of public administration was that public administration should be founded on a science of management and separation of administration from traditional politics. Also, he advocated that public administration should involve a comparative analysis of private and political organizations. Besides, he advocated the need to enhance the effectiveness of public service through training of civil servants, as well as through assess ment that is merit-based. In addition, he advocated the improvement of efficiency of public administration by the adoption of business-like attitudes and practices in daily operations. Like other theories, Wilson’s theory of public administration has had key points of contention. The main point of contention of this theory has been on the view that politics and administration should be separated. On the one hand, there are those who argue that effective and efficient public administration can only be achieved through a distinction of politics and administration. On the other hand, there are those who argue that politics and administration are inextricably linked and, therefore, cannot be separated.  

The Success of Family Run Tourism Agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Success of Family Run Tourism Agency - Essay Example The essay "The Success of Family Run Tourism Agency" analyzes what a tourism as a family run business needs to be, aims to gauge the extent of the influence of the external factors that have a considerable impact on the family run business and examines the factors which may hinder the success of the family run tourism agency.Information technology has facilitated wider options of holiday destinations to the common man and travel agencies have made it easier for him to go too far flung places by providing the necessary appendages like accommodation, transport etc. In fact ‘consumers are now able to put together more flexible packages via the internet’. At the same time, globalization has dramatically changed the lifestyle of the people. It has brought in a new dimension of work culture and an inherent competition that is both invigorating as well as stressful. The attractive vacation packages which are highly de-stressing in content would be greatly in demand as they woul d rejuvenate body and mind so people can come back to take up their professional life with renewed vigor and enthusiasm.Tourism industry’s challenge is to provide increased value for money either through innovation–driven cost reducing changes in production and marketing processes or through product changes providing more varied tourism experiences. Holidays have always held a special charm for the young and the old alike. Krippendorf says ‘travel is: recuperation and regeneration, restoring body and soul’.

Case study: The Treatment of Depression

Case study: The Treatment of Depression Although depression has been recognized as a clinical syndrome for over 2000 years, as yet, no completely satisfactory explanation of its puzzling and paradoxical features has been found. There are still major unresolved issues regarding its nature, its classification and its etiology. (Beck and Alford, 2009, p3) However, the importance of depression is recognised by everyone in the field of mental health. According to Kline, more human suffering has resulted from depression than from any other single disease affecting mankind. (Kline, 1964) Hammen (Hammen,1997,p3) states that the term depression is used in everyday language to describe a range of experiences from a slightly noticeable and temporary mood decrease to a profoundly impaired and even life-threatening disorder. The severity of depression is generally defined according to the number of symptoms present, the severity of the symptoms and the severity of the associated functional impairment or distress. (Whisman, 2008, p66). This is done by health professionals using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), a publication where each mood disorder is characterised by a unique set of symptoms or diagnostic criteria which are split into 4 areas: Affective Behavioral Cognitive Somatic The Cost of Depression Government advisor, Lord Layard, worked on a report back in 2004 that outlined mental illness as the biggest social problem facing Britain today. (Layard, 2004) The report pointed to the Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, which suggested that one in six British people would be diagnosed with depression or anxiety at some point in their lives. Yet only one in four of people with emotional disorders receive proper treatment. It imposes heavy costs on the economy (some 2% of GDP) and on the Exchequer (again some 2% of GDP). There are now more mentally ill people drawing incapacity benefits than there are unemployed people on Jobseekers Allowance. Mental illness matters because it causes massive suffering to patients and their families, because it prevents them contributing fully to society, and because it imposes heavy costs on taxpayers. (Layard, 2004). A UK wide strategy to help people with depression was required. The vehicle for this was through the NHS. In September 2007, the UK government launched the biggest state-funded mental health initiative ever. It pledged  £170 million to create a ground-breaking therapy service in Britain, according to health minister Alan Johnson. The service was to include 3,500 extra psychological therapists trained in CBT to be found and trained by 2011. (Evans, 2007). What is CBT? CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) is the treatment of choice within the NHS for depression. According to The Royal College of Psychiatrists (2010); CBT is a form of psychotherapy which involves: How you think about yourself, the world and other people How what you do affects your thoughts and feelings CBT was developed by Dr Beck, a psychiatrist at the University of Pennsylvania in the early 1960s. Dr Beck had previously studied and practiced psychoanalysis. He designed and carried out a number of experiments to test psychoanalytic concepts on depression. Fully expecting research would validate these fundamental precepts, he was surprised to find the opposite. Beck Institute website (1999-2009) This research led him to begin to look for other ways of conceptualizing depression. Working with depressed patients, he found that they experienced streams of negative thoughts that seemed to pop up spontaneously. He termed these cognitions automatic thoughts, and discovered that their content fell into three categories: negative ideas about themselves, the world and the future. He began helping patients identify and evaluate these thoughts and found that by doing so, patients were able to think more realistically, which led them to feel better emotionally and behave more functionally. (Beck Institute 1999 2009). According to the NHS Choice website (2010) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy differs from most other types of psychotherapies because it is: Pragmatic Highlight structured Focused on current problems Collaborative Cognitive behavioral treatments are developed with particular cognitive contents in mind they are disorder specific. (Scott, 2009, p2) Depression: Cognitive Therapy For people with persistent subthreshold depressive symptoms or mild to moderate depression, consider offering one or more of the following interventions, guided by the persons preference: Individual guided self-help based on the principles of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) A structured group physical activity programme Drug treatment Do not use antidepressants routinely to treat persistent subthreshold depressive symptoms or mild depression because the risk-benefit ratio is poor, but consider them for people with: a past history of moderate or severe depression or initial presentation of subthreshold depressive symptoms that have been present for a long period (typically at least 2 years) or subthreshold depressive symptoms or mild depression that persist(s) after other interventions. For Those with Moderate or Severe Depression: For people with moderate or severe depression, medical practitioners are advised to provide a combination of antidepressant medication and a high-intensity psychological intervention (CBT or IPT). (NICE Guidelines 2009) The Royal College of Psychiatrists (2010) highlight the medication used within the NHS for the treatment of depression to include: Tricyclics MAOIs SSRIs SNRIs NASSAs Although medication can help lift the patients mood, it does not tackle any underlying problems they may be experiencing. There are also various known side effects to the medication including abdominal pain, nausea, headache, suicidal thoughts, constipation, blurred vision to name but a few. People react differently to different drugs, so until they try them they are unable to know if they will have a negative impact on them. Psychological therapies can help patients to explore what may have contributed to their depression in the first place, and what might be keeping them depressed. (Depression Alliance UK, 2010) CBT can be done individually or with a group of people. It can also be done from a self-help book or computer programme. Unfortunately, in many parts of the country, there are long waiting lists for CBT and sometimes people end up going to private therapists instead of waiting to see an NHS appointed therapist. The Benefits of CBT in the Treatment of Depression The Royal College of Psychiatrists (2009) state that: CBT is one of the most effective treatments for conditions where anxiety or depression is the main problem. It can help patients break the vicious cycle of altered thinking, feeling and behaviour. It is the most effective psychological treatment for moderate and severe depression. It is as effective as antidepressants for many types of depression. This is also supported by Townend, Grant, Mulhern and Short (2009, p 254) who state that CBT remains the psychological therapy with the widest and broadest evidence base. This is also backed by (Gabbard, Beck and Holmes, 2007, p115), CBT has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for depression in the large number of studies that have accumulated since the original study by Rush et al (1977). They go on to say that CBT produces a greater improvement in symptoms than no treatment or waiting list controls (Dobson 1989) and demonstrates equivalent efficacy as pharmacotherapy for depression. This is also further supported by (Freeman and Power, 2007, p30) who state, There have been numerous randomised clinic trials that support the efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive therapy for depression, across a variety of clinical settings and populations (for review, see Clark, Beck and Alford 1999; De Rubeis and Crits-Christophe 1998; Dobson 1999; Robinson,Berman and Neimeyer 1990) (Freeman and Power, 2007,p30). According to (Ingram, 2009, p174) In the acute treatment phase, combination therapy, consisting of medication and CBT, has been found to be superior to either medication or CBT used alone for patients with more severe, recurrent or chronic forms of depression. (Gabbard, Beck and Holmes, 2007, p115), state that One of the main potential benefits of CBT for depression is that it reduces relapse / recurrence to a greater extent than antidepressant medication. Today, CBT remains the gold standard for the treatment of depression with psychotherapy (Wasmer-Andrews, 2009, p3). The Limitations of CBT in the Treatment of Depression However, although highly praised, CBT does have its limitations and indeed its critics. In terms of limitations, these are set out below: To benefit from CBT, the patient needs to commit themselves to the process. A therapist can help and advise, but cannot make someones problems go away without the patients co-operation (NHS Choices, 2010). Therefore, the patient needs to be open to CBT and play their part in their recovery, including taking a full part in each therapy and doing their homework in order to recover from depression. This is also highlighted by the Royal College of Psychiatrists (2009) who state that CBT is not a quick fix. A therapist is like a personal trainer that advises and encourages but cannot do it for a patient. If a patient is feeling low, it can be difficult for them to concentrate and get motivated. (Royal College of Psychiatrists,2009) Because of the structured nature of CBT, it may not be suitable for people who have more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. (NHS Choices, 2010) This is further supported by (Wasmer-Andrews, 2009, p3) who states that CBT has limitations for treating certain groups, including people with treatment-resistant depression and those with both depression and a personality disorder. Critics of CBT argue that because the therapy only addresses current problems and focuses on very specific issues, it does not address the possible underlying causes of mental health conditions, such as an unhappy childhood. (NHS Choices, 2010). This is something that could be achieved using a Diagnostic Scan under hypnosis, if hypno-psychotherapy could be used instead. CBT focuses on the individuals capacity to change themselves (their thoughts, feelings and behaviours), and does not address wider problems in systems or families that often have a significant impact on an individuals health and wellbeing. (NHS Choices, 2010) The Royal College of Psychiatrists (2009) state that For severe depression, CBT should be used with antidepressant medication. When a patient is very low, they may find it hard to change the way they think until the antidepressants have started to make them feel better. Critics of CBT in the Treatment of Depression Critics of CBT, as with all clinical theories, vary depending on the thoughts of the analyst. Townend, Grant, Mulhern and Short (2009, p 254) point to many of these discussions. Specific issues have been raised over the necessity of, for example, challenging thoughts in CBT (Longmore and Worrell, 2007); and cognitive interventions in severe depression (Dimidjian et al, 2006). Additionally, there is still ongoing discussion (e.g. Gilbert and Leahy, 2007) about the nature an impact of the therapeutic alliance as causes of the changes seen in CBT. Weiner, Freedheim and Stricker (2003) point out that Although the scope and efficacy of CBT are impressive, much work needs to be done. In particular, future efforts of CBT clinical researchers must demonstrate the effective of treatments outside research centres as well as turn more attention towards disorders overlooked by CBT (e.g. personality disorder). Kotler and Shepard (2008) highlight that human beings are multi-faceted, with feelings as well as thoughts. It is suggested that CBT puts undue emphasis on thought processes to the exclusion of many legitimate feelings, thereby contributing to repression and the denial of feeling. They go on to highlight some other criticism leveled at CBT as follows: CBT is less effective with some kinds of clients those who have a problem with overintellectualising or those who dont have the capacity to reason logically, or clients with minimal intelligence (e.g. young children, very old people, schizophrenics and those with other personality disorders). Many CBT therapists complain of boredom and burnout from continuously repeating the same arguments and processes with all clients. CBT is difficult for some people for some professionals to practice if they are not outgoing and assertive and dont enjoy vigorous debate and confrontation. Because the therapists role is so verbal, active and direct, the client may feel overpowered, dominated and not responsible for the outcome. (Kotler and Shepard, 2008) The Debate There is much debate on the subject of CBT as a treatment for depression within the NHS. Oliver James article (James, 2006) sumarises much of this debate. He indicates that Depression and anxiety costs the (British) economy  £17 billion per year. Being cheap, quick (15 20 sessions) and simplistic, CBT appeals to the Government. In fact, in June 2006, Professor Richard Layard labeled the government happiness tsar claimed that CBT can lift at least half of those affected out of their depression or their chronic fear. (James, 2006) Another attraction for the government is that CBT aims to get you to a point where you can do all this on your own and tackle problems without the help of a therapist. (NHS Choices, 2010). Thereby, it is argued that using CBT could reduce the future costs of treatment in current users. In addition, there are also now computerised CBT approved for use by the NHS Beating the Blues which has been approved for the treatment of depression. (NHS Choices, 2010). Again, this is a cost effective treatment for some people who find they prefer using a computer rather than talking to a therapist about their private feelings. (NHS Choices, 2010) In a follow up article, in March 2009 (James, 2009) resurrected the debate when he reported that CBT is not a real cure, just a form of personal spin. He went on to argue that work by eminent US psychologist, Professor Drew Weston found that after two years, two thirds of those who had CBT for depression has relapsed or sought further help. It is important for patients to keep practicing their CBT skills, even after they are feeling better. There is some research that suggests CBT may be better than antidepressants at preventing depression coming back. (The Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009) James (2009) went on to argue that If given no treatment, most people with depression drift in and out of it. After 18 months, those given CBT have no better mental health than ones who have been untreated. On the other hand, in the same article by James (2009), Derek Draper a CBT practitioner and author states that CBT draws on the obvious truth that how we feel is inextricably linked to the way we think and behave. It isnt remotely sinister and is rather simple and it works. Many of my patients have been helped by CBT. New Research According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists website (2009) Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is most effective in patients who have had four or more prior episodes of depression, according to new research from The Netherlands. The study, published in the December issue of the British Journal of Psychiatry, suggests GPs could use the number of prior episodes to determine which patients are likely to benefit most from therapy and prescribe treatment accordingly). In another recent study, a comparison of a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) website with an information website for depression has found that after 6 months only the CBT website was significantly effective in reducing symptoms. After 1 year, both interventions were significantly better than no intervention (control condition). Research has shown that internet-delivered brief CBT may be effective in reducing depression, but it has not been clear whether these gains are maintained over time. The aim of this Australian study, published in the February 2008 issue of the British Journal of Psychiatry, was to see whether the benefits of internet-delivered brief psychoeducation and CBT were still there 6 and 12 months later, compared with a control condition, in which participants were asked questions about their lifestyle. Summary In summary, CBT is the treatment of choice in the NHS for moderate to severe depression and having reviewed all of the benefits and limitation, read from the critics and the ambassadors, the writer feels that there is still much to learn and evaluate in the treatment of depression. Whilst the results so far have appeared to show that CBT is very effective in the treatment of moderate to severe depression, there are large groups of people that will not benefit from this treatment, e.g. young children, those with personality disorders, late-life depression suffers. The writer suggests that there is not a universally acceptable treatment for all that some treatments will work for some people with some therapists and other treatments will work for others with another therapist the willingness of the client to seek help, play their part in their recovery alongside their chosen therapy will help some of the people, some of the time. But what about in the longer term ? Is this a sticking plaster over a gaping wound ? CBT can help in the here and now, but relapses can occur as the root of the problem if it is in the past is not usually discussed in a CBT session, which is focussed on the present. While the costs of depression to individuals, families and businesses are huge, the writer feels that the government, through the NHS has made very positive steps to try to assist people living with depression by welcoming the use the talking therapies. As more studies are commissioned in the future, new information will be gained and new decisions made based on this. For the moment, embracing the talking therapies is a very good step in the right direction and it is hoped that other therapies will continue to be evaluated so that patients of the future would have a choice of talking therapies, including CBT, but also others like life coaching, NLP and hypno-psychotherapy. Word count (3,337)

Old Age in Sylvia Plath’s Poetry

Leaving cert study notes  © Paula O’Sullivan Plath and old age. Plath has a fear of growing old, and deals with the passage of time and old age in many of her poems. Morning Song, written after the birth of her first child, deals with Plath’s preoccupation with growing old. The poet has birthed a child, and therefore fulfilled her requirement as a human being to procreate. Human’s get to an optimum age for bearing children, and after that, it is a slow decline into old age and inevitable death. Plath speaks of â€Å"Effacement at the wind’s hand†, which basically means she will be rubbed out and forgotten with the passage of time. Related reading: How to be Old PoemThe poet uses a complex image of rainwater reflecting it’s mother cloud to tell us that she sees herself in her daughter, and now all that’s left is to disappear into nothing. The condensed water of a cloud falls to the ground, and the cloud is no more. Mirror follows the theme of growing old very closely. Time moves on and on in this poem. The first stanza contains phrases like ‘so long’ and ‘over and over’ to tell us that time keeps moving. The second stanza continues to chart the march of time. She comes and goes’ and ‘each morning’ reflect the poet’s unrest and constant awareness that time is still ticking away. The poet sees her youth as wasted, the ‘young girl’ has been ‘drowned’. She has a premonition of the future, in which an old woman has failed to break the cycle, and describes her condition as a ‘terrible fish’. The poet sees herself as elderly and is afraid. The metaphor of the fish is as if the poet is stuck, netted and helpless. Plath shows she is dreading old age in the final lines of the poem. The passage of time throughout the text points to the inevitability of growing old.

Death of Stressman Essay

One of the factors that results in the rise of Hitler is the death of a capable leader that brought stability and prosperity back to Germany. This capable leader is known as Gustav Stressman . Stressman died of a heart attack on 3rd October 1929. On behalf of the Weimar government, Stressman had negotiated the Dawes and Young Plans for more time to pay reparations to the Allies. In 1925, he also helped to end the Ruhr occupation by French and Belgian troops which had begun in 1923 and signed the 1925 Locarno Pact with France and Britain, promising to respect Germany’s Western borders. Thus, Germany’s relations with her former enemies improved and Germany was even allowed to be a member of the League of Nations. Therefore the years between 1924 and 1929 is considered as a golden age for Germany. Since then, Germany’s economic recovery depended on US loans. This made Germany vulnerable as it depended on America’s ability to keep lending. Therefore when Stressman died and The Great depression started in 1929, thousands of business closed and millions of Americans were thrown out of work. It also affected economies around the world. The loans from the United States of America on which Germany depended dried up. This resulted in the massive unemployment of many Germans which brought poverty to them. However, the Weimar government was helpless in solving the economic crisis without the leadership of Stressman which resulted in the German people to lose confidence in both the Weimar government and democracy. Therefore, the Germans started to search for any people or group that could help them . Hence ,due to the loss of confidence in the Weimar government, Hitler began to gain support from the Germans as they wanted a change of government and support Nazism which lead to the rise of Hitler.

Analyse your contribution to the selection process for the...

Assignment M2 In this assignment I will analyse the contribution of the interview and selection process that leads to the position of Classroom Assistant. I took part both as an interviewee and observer therefore I am able to compare how the different roles have contributed to the process. Before being selected through for the position, there are three stages that each applicant must face: the pre-interview, the interview itself and the post-interview. Each of these stages plays their part in allowing the employer to carefully select the potential candidate. Pre-interview When applying for a position or job role, it is essential that an application form is presented and that the candidate must meet the criteria as identified in the†¦show more content†¦I also needed to make sure that the interview was carried out in a Health and Safety policy environment free of any possible danger or harm that could be caused by equipment. An interview check-list is needed and useful for both sided of the interview panel as it contributes to the process because for the interviewee can know what needs to be included in the interview pack and provide necessary information while the observer or interviewer will use it as a method to ensure that all points they are looking for are being covered. This will also help control the interview because it is mannered and well organised and interviewers are able to control their time and decide what to say for each question. As an observer, notes were also taken to keep on track of the candidates performance in order for rank to be given at the end and meet the decision criteria and right documentation. Communication between the interviewer and interviewee is important because as an interviewee I had to make sure I was listening carefully to questions so that I could give the correct answers, however this was also made easy as I already had an interview questions document already prepared. This is also important because it showed the interviewer that I am capable of listening and communicating wellShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Strategic Positioning Plan3657 Words   |  15 Pagess Manufacturing Inc. should focus on increasing team unity by recruiting top executive level positions for minority employees. Riordan s current policies contribute to the low employee turnover rates, retention of qualified employees, and motivation of workers. However, in order for Riordan to continue their success in the future we highly recommend that Riordan diversify their top executive positions to increase team cohesions. 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